Legenda Dan Fakta Islam In Madura
Is not an exaggeration if
one says that the islamization madura successful run so successfully and now
nobody madura residents who are not muslims. If there were not a muslim, then
certainly they were newcomers. However, since when and how it all began, very
difficult to knit perfectly. Like a tangled history madura process of
islamization has not and does not neatly filed. Myths and legends of many
colored stories about the islamization of the islanders salt. Some recent
academic studies that present too much lift madura in terms of culture as such,
so that it seems to forget the role of the characters that brought clerics.
This article tries to uncover the history of the islamization of madura in the
initial period, the transitional period madurese primitive religion to islam.
Primitive religion madura
Located across the northeast
of the island of java, madura island said initially only consisted of mounds of
soil that sometimes looks green from a distance when the tide is low but the
'missing' from view when the high tides. That is why the javanese call it
"weak dhuro" the land that is not true; sometimes visible and sometimes
disappeared. Even now there are still people who call the java madura
"wong dhuro".
Oral history (legends)
madurese said that the ancestors of madura residents come from the island of
java, namely raden segoro, the son of a king of the country medangkamulan near
mount semeru and bromo. [2] although it is difficult to ascertain his
historical, where raden figures segoro and kyai poleng so strongly trusted by
the community for generations. [3] so no wonder that the history of madura is
closely linked to the history of java. Madura kingdoms actually a continuation
of the great kingdoms in java, from kediri, singasari, majapahit and mataram.
Therefore, the pre-islamic era, madura residents are predominantly
hindu-buddha, as the java community in general. [4]
Historians acknowledge the
difficulty of reconstructing the hindu-buddhist era in madura due to scarcity
of historical sources. There are only a few good temples in pamekasan and
sumenep as proof that the hindu-buddhist religion never embraced the madurese
community. [5] for example, says that reconstruct the history of java,
including madura, like a draw in the murky water wells. [6] it is estimated
that the hindu-buddhist influence since the 9th century, since the development
of the story raden segoro, until about the 15th century, ie after the
initiation of the development community about islam and embraced him. [7] the
strong influence of hindu-buddhist also reinforced by the record that in the
centuries in a row under the influence of madura in kediri (1050-1222),
singosari (1222-1292) and majapahit (1294-1572), all of which are hindu and
buddha. [8] therefore, the term "madura" not infrequently mentioned
in the writings of the hindus as the pararaton who called the term "wetan
madura" madura eastern part, namely sumenep. [9]
At this point the primitive
religion madurese certainly not much different from the pre-islamic javanese
society, the hindu-buddhist. [10] as a religion other than it is a new religion
that came later, including islam and christianity. Next will be described a
process of islamization madura.
Islamization madura
The islamization of madura
arguably a propaganda project that reaped outstanding results. This propaganda
project is actually a continuation of mega projects are very massive
islamization of the archipelago between the 7th century to the 15th century through
the hands of sincere preachers who in java known as wali songo. Madura also be
part of the agenda of this mega project. [11]
However, it seems necessary
to work hard to build up the history of islamization madura is so composed in
their entirety. This is because the facts have been mingled with legends.
Stories, myths and legends are to be found abundance, said mansurnoor lik
arifin, in his research on the role of scholars in madura islamization. [12]
therefore, are not an easy answer questions such as: since when islamization
madura? Who first spread islam in madura? Through what distribution? How can
the public conversion of their primitive religion to islam? At least, there are
two paths that can be elaborated islamization madura, namely the royal path and
the path preachers or better known as the sunan.
Kingdom trails
Hiking kingdom is the theory
that describes the madura islamization through the leaders and noblemen.
Because its kings islam, then the offspring join islam and followed by people
in the bottom, which was also converted to islam.
There are several opinions
on this subject. In the eastern part of madura, sumenep mention that islam has
entered into since panembahan joharsari sumenep, sumenep ruler from 1319 to
1331 ad. Panembahan joharsari has a son named raden piturut who holds panembahan
mandaraka are also believed to be muslim. Evidence of his islam is islam have
been shaped tomb located in the village mandaraga, keles, ambunten. Panembahan
mandaraka ruling until 1339 ad has two sons namely prince natapraja bukabu
reigns from 1339 to 1348 yr m and prince nataningrat who replaced his brother
with karaton baragung, guluk-guluk. Prince nataningrat berputra supreme rawit
who holds the prince sekadiningrat i, who reigned 1358-1366 yrs m with a palace
in banasare. Then he was replaced by his son that elephant tomonggong pramada
who holds sekadiningrat ii who reigned 1366-1386 m. Yrs after which he was
replaced by his grandson named jokotole or aria kudapanole who holds
sekadiningrat iii. [13]
But it seems still too weak
evidentiary sumenep islamic rulers over because of the lack of empirical
evidence in its favor. Plus, some say, jokotole or aria kudapanole power since
the year 1415-1460 m are new to islam and then through the savior da'wah known
as sunan paddusan. First name is r. Bindara sunan dwiryapada son of haji usman
sunan manyuram mandalika, propagator of islam in lombok. Sunan paddusan then
taken by jokotole law. [14]
Meanwhile, other kingdoms
theory is in the west madura. According to some sources, king ub to v, the king
kertabumi, a king of majapahit which ruled between 1468-1478 m had embraced
islam. From the queen named queen dworowati blessed with a son named raden ario
petteng ox. Ario ox petteng later became kamituo in madegan sampang. [15] while
another legend called the son prabu other kertabumi named ario damar (became
duke in palembang) has a son raden ario menak senoyo. Ario menak this senoyo
then left palembang and settled in madura, precisely in parupuh (now proppo).
The story of the west madura part of this stems from the story of the two of
them. They are still faithful to the primitive religions, namely hinduism. As
proof, there are the ruins of the temple which failed to build. People call
candi bird ( "bird" in the language of madura meaningful failed).
[16]
Ario ox petteng already
interested in the new religion that time after time added crowded embraced,
especially in aristocratic circles majapahit. Then he embraced islam in 1478 ad
after becoming students of sunan ampel. [17] previously he only sent his
subordinates to study islam to sunan ampel. But it turns out that his men had
preceded islam. Not to be outdone, he then set himself to ampel delta and
nyantri to sunan ampel. Eventually he converted to islam and did not get home
again to sampang because he died and was buried in ampel. [18] however,
according to another story, in his time he settled in sampang is sunan giri
sent sheikh sharif, also known as khalifa hussein, to help him to reach out to
new followers on the island. [19]
Ox petteng leaves two sons
and one daughter. They are raden ario manger, raden ario mengo and retno dewi.
Then raden ario manger replaces his father as kamituo in madegan sampang. He
has three sons, namely kyai violating ario, kyai ario panengah, kyai ario
pratikel. However, not all the descendants of the ox petteng embraced islam.
Noted ario mengo still adheres to the buddha and therefore society is still
strong embrace this religion. Ario mengo who opened the forest to the east of
the kingdom of his father, namely in the area pamelingan (now pamekasan). It
was he who first ruled there with a degree kyai wonorono where places are in
the area lawangan keratonnya power now. [20]
Two descendants of king
kertabumi barawijaya v then becomes one back on the marriage between raden ario
corner lineage with nyai raden ario damar budho lineage raden ario petteng ox.
From this marriage blessed with five children, one of which is named kyai demat
which then led plakaran arosbaya, bangkalan. Kyai demat mate with kraton nyi
sumekar set up in the city anyar. From his marriage then they are blessed with
five sons, namely: (1) kyai duke pramono in madegan sampang; (2) kyai pratolo
also called prince parambusan; (3) kyai pratali also called prince pesapen; (4)
prince paningkan called by the name of prince likes sudo; and (5) kyai pragalba
which was then known as prince plakaran because plakaran reigns. [21]
According to historical
records, the ruler of this plakaran still reluctant to embrace islam, although
islam has become a byword majority of communities, including his own son raden
pratanu. However, he did not forbid his son to learn islamic knowledge to sunan
kudus. Therefore, islam still find obstacles developed in the west madura is
because raden pragalbo reluctance to embrace islam. At the end of the age,
raden pratanu persuade his father to be saying two sentences creed. That's when
raden pragalbo died after a few moments earlier nodded in unison with his
guidance. Nodding in madurese called onggu '. Since then, according to this
legend, raden pragalbo later became known as islamic pengeran onggu '. [22]
Panembahan pratanu who holds
dhuwur weak is the founder of a small kingdom centered in arosbaya, about 20 km
from the town of bangkalan to the north. It is estimated, panembahan pratanu
crowned as king in 1531 after his father, king pragalbo, died. As mentioned
above, although his father was reluctant convert, but when pratanu still in his
youth he had dreamed of people who asked him to convert to islam. Her dream
conveyed to the father, and the father sent the professor patih bageno to study
islam in the holy. No half-hearted, the duke of islamic learning in earnest
until finally this religion and return to arosbaya. Pratanu he knew of islam
and he embraced islam. It is estimated that, after the islamic prince, he was
with the professor bageno then spread the new religion to all citizens
arosbaya. Judging from his time, which he estimated to be born in 1531 and died
in 1592, panembahan pratanu including the first king in the west madura who
converted to islam and spread it. [23]
In pamekasan, king recorded
as the first islamic adherents are panembahan ronggosukowati. According to
historical records pamekasan, in youth ronggosukowati never learned to giri or
raden paku. Therefore, we can be sure this young ronggosukowati already muslim.
He then replaces his father, namely panembahan bonorogo, because of advanced
age. However, the return ronggosukowati to pamekasan not alone. It is said that
sunan giri include muballigh with him to broadcast islam in pamekasan named
sayyid muhammad ibn abdurrahman bil faqih. Together muballigh that ronggosukowati
islamize pamekasan. [24]
As far as i searched for, in
the early period, it was under royal madura-hindu-buddhist kingdom in java. It
is estimated that between 10-15 century. Among these periods aroma propagation
of islam has entered into java, which resulted in some people to islam, the
main areas of the northern coast of java. As a result, madura is also the most
important part of the process of islamisation through islam very nobility at
the time. Thus, around the 16th century onwards, all the royal and so does the
community are muslims, mainly after mastery mataram kingdoms madura between
16-17 century. [25]
EmoticonEmoticon